The Picts, whose legacy lingers in the history of Scotland, were a mysterious and intriguing people known for their painted bodies and enigmatic carvings. Their name, derived from the Latin Picti, meaning “painted people,” reflects a culture that left an indelible mark on the regions they inhabited, including what is now West Calder. Here we explore the artistry, warfare, and cultural identity of these ancient people who once roamed the lands of modern Scotland.
The Origins of the Picts
The Picts emerged as a distinct group in the Roman period, particularly in the north and northeast of Scotland. They are often associated with the Caledonians, mentioned by Roman historians such as Tacitus. By the third century AD, Roman sources specifically referred to them as the Picts, emphasizing their practice of painting or tattooing their bodies.
Historians and archaeologists suggest that these markings were more than mere decoration; they likely served as indicators of social status, tribal affiliation, or achievements in battle. Their art forms extended beyond body markings to intricate carvings on stone, which have been found scattered across Scotland, depicting animals, geometric designs, and mythological creatures.
Painted Warriors or Artistic Storytellers?
One of the most debated aspects of Pictish culture is the purpose of their body art. Early Roman accounts describe the Picts as fierce warriors who painted themselves to intimidate enemies in battle. This view, however, has been nuanced by modern research, suggesting that their designs could have been part of ritualistic or cultural expressions.
The paints used by the Picts likely came from natural resources, such as woad, a plant that produces a blue dye. This same dye was famously used by other Celtic groups, including the Britons. The symbolism of the designs remains speculative, but recurring patterns suggest deeply rooted traditions and possibly religious significance. Whether as battle armor or celebratory decoration, the painted designs added to their aura of mystery and power.
Carvings and Symbols: A Legacy in Stone
The Picts were not only warriors but also artists who immortalized their beliefs and stories through carvings on stones. These “Pictish stones” are among the most significant archaeological finds in Scotland. The carvings range from simple symbols to complex scenes, including mythical beasts, human figures, and Christian iconography, reflecting a transition in their beliefs over time.
Some stones feature the enigmatic “Z-rod” and “double-disc” motifs, whose meanings continue to puzzle researchers. These carvings offer glimpses into Pictish spirituality, governance, and daily life, hinting at a sophisticated society that balanced artistic expression with practical functions.
The Picts in West Calder and Beyond
Although the Picts are primarily associated with northern Scotland, their influence extended further south, including parts of the Lothians. West Calder’s connection to the Picts is most evident in the name of the Pentland Hills, which some historians believe derives from the “painted” warriors. This theory links the landscape itself to the Picts’ identity and suggests they left a lasting imprint on local toponymy.
West Calder, with its wooded streams and rugged terrain, would have been an ideal refuge for the Picts, providing the resources and natural defenses needed for survival. It is possible that remnants of Pictish settlements or influences lie beneath the surface of this historic land, waiting to be unearthed.
The Enduring Mystery of the Picts
The Picts eventually disappeared as a distinct cultural group, merging with other populations in Scotland by the ninth century. This cultural assimilation was likely influenced by the rise of the Scots and the expansion of Christian kingdoms. Despite their disappearance, the Picts left behind a rich tapestry of art and legend, ensuring their place in Scotland’s history.
Adapted From: Native, A. (1885). History of West Calder: Compiled from various sources of information. A.H. Aikman.
